7 Heritage
7.1 Introduction
The most significant part of the built environment of Kilkenny is the quality of the city centre. This character comes from its unique setting and layout incorporating a number of distinctive elements. Firstly the dominant position of its great buildings – St. Canice’s Cathedral, Kilkenny Castle, and St. Mary’s Cathedral – which are linked by streets of different character and type, many of which are joined together by the narrow laneways (slips). Secondly there are buildings of different uses, architectural quality and historic backgrounds, including the historically important Shee Alms House, Rothe House, Bishops Palace, Black Abbey etc, but also many examples of traditional shopfronts and of domestic housing. The network of streets and laneways is complemented by the River Nore, which with its tree-lined banks and adjacent open spaces provides an important natural element in the overall townscape character of the city.
Along with this outstanding built heritage there is also a significant natural heritage which needs protecting. This includes some of the significant natural features around the City & Environs such as Newpark Marsh, the River Nore and its SAC and the lough at Loughmacask.
By preserving characteristic features of the City & Environs, we seek to maintain and nurture our environment and cultural heritage as part of our identity.
POLICY
- H1 To prepare and implement, in partnership with the Kilkenny Heritage Forum and relevant stakeholders, a County Heritage Plan and County Biodiversity Action Plan.
- H2 To support and facilitate the Kilkenny Heritage Forum
- H3 To continue and to develop the Council’s advisory/educational role with regard to Heritage matters through the Heritage Plan and to promote awareness and understanding of and access where appropriate to heritage.
Built Heritage
7.1.1 Urban Structure
Kilkenny, often referred to as the medieval capital of Ireland, offers an abundance of fascinating historical sites. The historic urban centre of Kilkenny City retains much of its medieval fabric. Prominent buildings such as the Shee Almshouse, Rothe House and the imposing Kilkenny Castle are some of the better-known secular buildings about the streetscape, while numerous medieval religious buildings, such as St Canice’s Cathedral, the Dominican Black Abbey and St Francis’s Abbey, also survive. Buildings such as these, and other less well-known later medieval structures hidden behind Georgian and Victorian façades, are a feature of the surviving medieval streetscape.
In principle, it will be the policy of Kilkenny Borough and County Councils to retain and enhance the essential character of the historic city, but at the same time, formulate policies to assist in its continued but controlled development, enhancement and maintenance.
The character of Kilkenny is the result of a combination of the natural features of river and topography, the street spaces, the fabric buildings and the numerous “special” buildings and artefacts of historical and archaeological value.
The Castle and St. Canice’s Cathedral are the opposing poles of the central area. The enclaves of these two buildings and the spaces, which link them – Irishtown, Parliament Street and High Street form the spine of the central area.
The main spine tends to run parallel to the contours while minor streets and lanes run across the contours, often forming “short cuts”. These narrow lanes or “slips” as they are locally known are a particular feature of Kilkenny’s townscape. Some are just pedestrian ways, which form short cuts across the width of particularly long city blocks and do not have frontage development. Others act as narrow streets with buildings fronting onto them.
Within the central area, the streets are typically narrow space channels enclosed on both sides by 18th and 19th century facades. Generally the facades are vertically proportioned, narrow fronted and divide into bays of alternate wall and window. The normal facades of the streets are occasionally interrupted by something more ornate or large scaled, often the façade of a bank or other public institutions. Buildings of great public importance such as the Castle, City Hall and Courthouse, not only differ in scale and material from the “fabric buildings” but are either set back or brought forward in respect of the general building line.
Over the last two decades there have been many changes with the redevelopment of some of the larger remaining sites within the City centre such as The Market Yard (Dunnes Stores) the Presentation School (the Market Cross Shopping Complex), the River Court Hotel off John Street and more recently the multi-storey car park, hotel and apartments off Patrick Street. These large developments were generally on large extensive sites in backland areas where existing uses had become redundant. Although these have been large developments the essential townscape character of the city centre as described above is still clearly evident.
However, the centre cannot continually accommodate large-scale development, particularly if the result is the erosion of historic building plots.
7.2 Public Spaces
The architectural character of a city is determined not only by the importance of individual buildings and groups of buildings but also by the quality of the spaces formed by the buildings – i.e. the footpaths, streets, squares, parks, views and vistas all of importance, which are an integral part of the urban structure.
The public spaces in Kilkenny are many and varied, from the grand civic space in the Parade to the many smaller and incidental spaces and the numerous streets and slipways of the medieval city. The effects of proposed developments on the quality of the adjacent public spaces and the possibilities of creating new spaces will be an important factor in assessing planning applications. Pedestrians will be afforded priority in the use of the public realm throughout the historic city.
POLICY
H4 To protect, enhance, improve, extend and where appropriate create new public/civic spaces throughout the city.
H5 To maintain important historic details within the civic spaces such as historic paving, cobblestones, post boxes, spur stones etc.
H6 To reduce the impact of traffic congestion in the historic centre by traffic calming measures, more efficient signage and pedestrianisation.
H7 To conserve and enhance biodiversity in new and existing civic spaces.
H8 To ensure the avoidance of visual clutter when introducing street signage and new street furniture.
7.3 Views and Prospects
There are a number of sites, areas and vantage points within the City and in the Environs, from which fine views of the City can be had, see Map 7.1. There are also vantage points within the City from which particularly good views of the City’s most important public buildings and natural landscape features may be obtained. Of particular importance are views of and from the Castle, Cathedrals and the River Nore.
Views include:
1. Panoramic view of River Nore valley from Bleach Road
2. View of St. Canice’s and St. Mary’s Cathedrals from Tullaroan Road
3. View (north) of River Nore and Linear Park from Greensbridge
4. View from Michael Street to Kilkenny Castle
5. View of St. Mary’s Cathedral, Tholsel and St. Mary’s Church from no. 30-35 Michael Street
6. View of St. Mary’s Cathedral from Kenny’s Well Road
7. Panoramic view from Dublin Road/Windgap Hill area to River Nore and city skyline
8. View of Castle Park, open countryside from Castle
9. View of River Nore valley to east from Ossory Bridge
10. View of River Nore valley to west from Ossory Bridge
11. View of St. Mary’s from Callan Road
12. View of Kilkenny Castle from John’s Bridge
13. View of city from Dunningstown Road
POLICY
• H9 To protect views and prospects identified on Map 7.1 by requiring new development or extensions to existing development to be designed and located so as to minimise the interruption of these views.
• H10 To encourage street layouts in newly developed areas which create new vistas to existing and new landmarks, in particular within the Western Environs and the Loughmacask Local Area Plan lands.
• H11 Where the Council believes development has the potential to either diminish or enhance significant views into and/or out of the city and environs, it may require that a visual impact assessment be carried out prior to development being undertaken on any site.
7.4 City Presentation and Maintenance
The presentation and maintenance of the City’s buildings and public areas are an important aspect of the City’s tourism and social character.
POLICY
• H12 It is the intention of Kilkenny Borough Council and Kilkenny County Council to work closely with the “Keep Kilkenny Beautiful” Committee and other relevant organisations, community groups, business and private interests to maintain the traditional high standards in this regard.
7.5 Archaeology
Kilkenny City’s archaeological heritage is a valuable cultural and tourism asset. The principles set out in the Framework and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (1999) provide a framework for the policies to be included in relation to archaeological heritage.
The National Monuments Acts 1930 – 2004 provide for the protection of the archaeological heritage. The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) was established under Section 12 of the National Monuments (Amendment) Act 1994 and structures, features, objects or sites listed in this Record are known as Recorded Monuments. As well as extending protection to all known sites, now identified as Recorded Monuments, the National Monuments Acts 1930 – 2004 extends protection to all previously unknown archaeological items and sites that are uncovered through ground disturbance or the accidental discovery of sites located underwater.
Kilkenny City has been identified as an Historic Town and appears in the Record of Monuments and Places. The guideline boundaries for historic towns are illustrated within the Record of Monuments and Places as Zones of Archaeological Potential and are areas where intense archaeology is present.
The Zones of Archaeological Potential are outlined on Map 7.2. All development proposals within the zones of Archaeological Potential or which relate to Recorded Monuments and Places must be referred to the National Monuments Advisory Service of the Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government.
POLICY
• H13 Protect and enhance archaeological sites, monuments (including their setting), underwater archaeology, including those that are listed in the Record of Monuments and Places, and in the Urban Archaeological Survey of County Kilkenny or newly discovered sub-surface archaeological remains.
• H14 To ensure the preservation in-situ, or preservation by record of:
o The archaeological monuments included in the record of monuments and places as established under section 12 of the National monuments (Amendment Act, 1994
o Any other sites and features of historical or archaeological interest.
o Any subsurface archaeological features that may be discovered during the course of infrastructural/development works.
• H15 Provide guidance to developers and property owners regarding the archaeological implications of a proposed development.
• H16 Promote pre-planning consultations in relation to the archaeological heritage with the planning authority and with the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government in its capacity of being charged with the implementation of the National Monuments Acts.
• H17 To require an appropriate archaeological assessment to be carried out in respect of any proposed development likely to have an impact on a Recorded Monument, a Zone of Archaeological Potential, or their settings.
• H18 To ensure the protection of archaeological material in situ by ensuring that only minimal impact on archaeological layers is allowed.
• H19 To require that sites of archaeological interest shall be subject to archaeological investigations and recording according to best practice, in advance of redevelopment where preservation in situ is not feasible.
• H20 To encourage the dissemination of the results of archaeological excavation in a timely and appropriate manner.
• H21 To acknowledge the importance of underwater archaeology by requiring that any proposed developments that may have implications for the underwater heritage shall be subject to an underwater archaeological assessment in advance of works.
• H22 Facilitate and where feasible create public rights of way to sites of archaeological and historical interest and to National Monuments in state and Local Authority ownership in the city. The Council will also seek the preservation, maintenance and improvement of all existing right of ways to such areas where appropriate.
• H23 To assist in the implementation of the conservation plans for the City Walls, Rothe House and St Mary’s Church and Graveyard.
7.5.1 Historic Graveyards
The historic graveyards of Kilkenny, in addition to being the resting places of our ancestors, are an important part of the heritage of the county. They contain a wealth of architectural and archaeological features and are refuges for many species of plant and animal. A survey of historic graveyards was carried out in 2005, entitled The Historic Graveyards of the City and County of Kilkenny: An Inventory.
Most historic graveyards are afforded legal protection through the National Monuments (Amendment) Acts or the Planning and Development Acts.
POLICY
• H24 Conserve and protect historic graveyards and churches within Kilkenny and to encourage their maintenance in accordance with conservation principles and as resources allow.
• H25 To continue to support and assist communities in the care and conservation of historic graveyards through its Historic Graveyards Grants Scheme.
7.5.1.1 Features of Cultural Heritage Interest
Features of cultural heritage interest such as mass rocks, mass paths, rag trees etc. are locally significant and add to the distinctive character and sense of place of an area.
POLICY
• H26 To preserve, protect and where necessary enhance, significant heritage objects such as mass rocks, holy wells and/or other significant cultural features, that form part of the cultural heritage of the City and Environs.
7.6 Architectural Heritage
Kilkenny City is rich in buildings, structures and places of historic and architectural value that are symbols of the social, economic and cultural development of the City, and which contribute to its essential character. Part IV of the Planning and Development Act 2000 sets out the statutory provisions for protecting the architectural heritage which includes a requirement to:
1. Include in the development plan a Record of Protected Structures.
2. Include in the development plan an objective to consider the designation of Architectural Conservation Areas.
7.6.1 Record of Protected Structures
Each planning authority has a statutory responsibility, under the Planning and Development Act 2000, to include a Record of Protected Structures (RPS) in its Development Plan.
A Protected Structure, unless otherwise stated in the RPS, includes the interior of the structure, the land lying within its curtilage, any other structures lying within that curtilage and their interiors, plus all fixtures and features which form part of the interior or exterior of any of these structures. Structures, or parts of structures, can be added to the Record if they are deemed of special interest under one or more of the following headings: architectural, artistic, historic, archaeological, cultural, scientific, social, technical.
Guidance on the categories of special interest for considering the inclusion of protected structures in the RPS is given in Section 2.5.4 to 2.5.20 of the ‘Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for Planning Authorities, 2004’ issued by the Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government.
The term ‘protected’ is defined in the 2000 Planning and Development Act as including ‘conservation, preservation and improvement compatible with maintaining the character and interest of the structure or part thereof’. Works which would, in the opinion of the Council, have material effect on the character of the protected structure, require planning permission. Those with an interest in a protected structure may seek a Declaration under Section 57 (2) which would offer practical guidance in relation to the protection of the structure. Section 57(10)(b) of the Planning and Development Act 2000 provides that permission may only be granted for the demolition of a protected structure or a proposed protected structure in exceptional circumstances.
There are now approximately 300 buildings, structures and features listed in the RPS and the Record will continue to be added to as structures, buildings and features of special interest are identified and as resources permit. The Record of Protected Structures (as correct at time of publication) is listed in Appendix D of this written statement. An up-to-date RPS, incorporating any additions or deletions within the lifetime of this plan, will be maintained on the Council’s website or can be checked at the Planning department in City Hall.
The National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) has been completed for County Kilkenny including the City & Environs and descriptions and appraisals of over 2000 structures can be viewed at the NIAH website. The Councils will assess this survey with a view to revising the Record of Protected Structures and additions will be made to the RPS on a phased basis.
POLICY
• H27 To ensure the protection of the architectural heritage of Kilkenny City & Environs by including all structures considered to be of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest in the Record of Protected Structures.
• H28 To have regard to the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines issued by the Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government in 2004 when assessing proposals for development affecting a protected structure.
• H29 To promote principles of best practice in conservation in terms of use of appropriate materials and repair techniques through the administration of the Conservation Grants Scheme funded by The Department of the Environment Heritage and Local Government.
• H30 To ensure the protection of the architectural heritage through promoting the importance of regular maintenance of structures contained within the Record of Protected Structures.
• H31 To provide assistance to owners of protected structures in undertaking essential repairs and maintenance by the provision of relevant information.
• H32 To promote by example the principles of best practice in conservation of the built heritage through the custodianship of Protected Structures in the Council’s ownership/care.
• H33 To encourage the sympathetic retention, reuse and rehabilitation of Protected Structures and their setting
• H34 To protect elements of designed landscapes of special interest located within the attendant grounds of Protected Structures, including boundary features.
• H35 To require an architectural impact assessment/conservation method statement for developments within the grounds of country house estates which are Protected Structures.
ACTION
• To respond to the Ministerial recommendation to include in the Record of Protected Structures, structures which have been identified as being of Regional, National or International significance in the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage survey of the city and county published in 2006. To carry out a review of the Record of Protected Structures for the functional area of Kilkenny City and Environs.
7.7 Architectural Conservation Areas
The City and Environs contain a number of areas of special interest, whose overall character, form and layout it is desirable to preserve. Part IV of the Planning and Development Act 2000 provides for the preservation of the character of a place, area, group of structures or townscape where the planning authority is of the opinion that such an area:
(a) is of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social or technical interest or value, or
(b) contributes to the appreciation of protected structures.
Guidance on the categories of special interest for considering the designation of Architectural Conservation Areas is given in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 of the ‘Architectural Heritage Guidelines for Planning Authorities, 2004’.
Kilkenny’s urban environment is formed by a number of distinctive areas and building types which give the city its interest, charm and character. It is an aim of this Plan to seek the preservation as appropriate of the distinctive character of each of these areas. There are currently 9 ACA’s in Kilkenny City and Environs. A description and character appraisal of each area is set out below, along with specific policies for each area.
In formulating the following policies and objectives, Kilkenny Borough and County Councils have had regard to the 2004 Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines and the 2006 National Inventory of Architectural Heritage for Kilkenny, both produced by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.
7.7.1.1 Development in an Architectural Conservation Area
It is the purpose of the Architectural Conservation Area designation to preserve the general character of areas in regard to building scales, proportions, historical plot sizes, materials, building lines and height, historic street paving and street furniture, as well as general use.
Works to the exterior of a building within an Architectural Conservation Area which, in the opinion of the local authority, would affect the character of the area would require planning permission. Guidance on the criteria the planning authority will use to assess proposals for new development and proposals for demolition within an Architectural Conservation Area are given in section 3.10 of the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines, 2004, issued by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.
7.7.1.2 Street Furniture
Items of street furniture can be important elements in establishing the character and interest of an Architectural Conservation Area. Such items could include lamp standards, seats and benches, bollards, railings, street signs, freestanding or wall mounted post boxes, telephone kiosks, horse troughs, water pumps, drinking fountains, jostle stones, milestones, paving, kerbstones, cobbles and setts, pavement lights, coal hole covers, weighbridges, statues, plaques and other monuments.
POLICY
• H36 To ensure the preservation of the special character of each ACA particularly with regard to building scale, proportions, historical plot sizes, building lines, height, general land use, building materials, historic street furniture and paving.
• H37 To have regard to the Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines, 2004 issued by the Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government when assessing proposals for development affecting an ACA.
• H38 To consider the designation of Architectural Conservation Areas where appropriate and provide a local policy framework for the preservation of the character of these areas.
• H39 To ensure the retention, repair rather than replacement, and the regular maintenance of original/early features in buildings which contribute to the character of an ACA, such as chimney stacks, roof coverings, roof profiles, external wall treatments, doors and windows, shop fronts and pub fronts and to ensure the use of appropriate materials and repair techniques when repairs are being carried out.
• H40 To ensure that inappropriate materials such as windows, doors and fascias constructed in aluminium or uPVC are not introduced to buildings within an ACA.
• H41 To encourage high quality, contemporary design and materials where appropriate when new buildings are being introduced into an ACA and the retention of the historic scale and plot size.
• H42 To ensure the preservation of the special character of an ACA when assessing proposals for advertising.
• H43 To retain historic items of street furniture where they contribute to the character of the ACA and to protect historic items of street furniture and roadside items as appropriate.
• H44 To ensure the conservation of all historic shopfronts and pub fronts. Where replacement is necessary, to encourage the introduction of shop fronts and pub fronts of contemporary high quality design and materials into the ACA.
• H45 To seek the retention of mature trees/significant planting (those in good condition) which contribute to the character of each ACA where appropriate.
7.8 Designated Architectural Conservation Areas
The areas designated as Architectural Conservation Areas are based on the criteria set out in the 2000 Planning and Development Act, and guided by the Architectural Protection Guidelines and the 2006 National Inventory Architectural Heritage for Kilkenny. The ACA’s located in the City and Environs are:
1. City Centre
2. Kilkenny Castle
3. St. Canice’s
4. John Street
5. Patrick Street
6. Michael Street and Wolfe Tone Street
7. St. Mary’s
8. Lacken
9. Talbotsinch
7.8.1 City Centre Architectural Conservation Area
The City Centre Architectural Conservation Area is the medieval core of Kilkenny, characterised by its tight urban grain, colourful streetscapes and network of lanes dating mainly from the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries (See Map 7.3). This district includes the triangle of High Street/Parliament Street, Kieran Street and Rose Inn Street, which comprises the core retail area of the city. The area is characterised by the almost continuous enclosure of the streets with mainly three storey 18th and 19th century buildings built on medieval plots and foundations. The area also includes sections of the medieval Kilkenny City Walls (Hightown Circuit). The stepped lanes running from High Street to Kieran Street and from St. Mary’s Lane to Rose Inn Street are one of the most notable features of Kilkenny. There are numerous notable Protected Structures in this area, including Shee Alms House on Rose Inn Street, the Tholsel on High Street, Smithwicks Brewery and Rothe House on Parliament Street to name but a few.
This district derives its special character from the bustle of trading and shopping. High Street remains the premier shopping street in the city, characterised by its colourful buildings and shop fronts. Kieran Street is developing into an ambient canopy-covered street of coffee shops and retail uses. The 2005 City Centre Local Area Plan aims to protect and ensure the continued vitality and viability of the core retail area to protect this important retail function. The pedestrianisation of High Street and Kieran Street will help protect this special character.
St. Mary’s Church and Graveyard is a walled enclosure hidden behind High Street and St. Kieran Street and wrapped on three sides by St. Mary’s Lane. The site comprises of the impressive St. Mary’s Church, with its origins in the 13th Century, almshouses, graveyard and tombs. In 2005 The Heritage Council published a Heritage Conservation Plan for St. Mary’s Church and Graveyard which brought forward policies to encourage the protection of the integrity of the church and the opening up of the site to greater public access and integrated civic usage.
Smithwicks Brewery is a long-standing industrial presence in the city. The silos and chimneys of the brewery have become part of the Kilkenny skyline and represent an important part of Kilkenny’s economic past and present.
It is an objective of the 2005 City Centre Local Area Plan to redevelop the Market Yard car park and Dunnes Stores shopping complex for mixed town centre and complementary uses (Bateman’s Quay). This site is located in the city centre Architectural Conservation Area and it occupies a substantial site adjacent to the River Nore. The consolidation of this site is intrinsic to the continued successful economic performance of the core retail area and a high standard of architectural design will be required.
Policies for the City Centre Architectural Conservation Area (CCACA)
- See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
- CCACA1 To retain the existing scale of building heights of three and four storey buildings.
- CCACA2 To limit large scale developments within the historic centre which may necessitate the assimilation of smaller historic building plots.
- CCACA3 To encourage the renovation and re-use of any vacant or derelict buildings.
- CCACA4 To retain the medieval street pattern.
- CCACA5 To protect and retain the historic integrity of the city walls, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan (Heritage Council, 2005).
- CCACA6 To protect the tight urban grain and rhythm of existing streetscapes.
- CCACA7 To encourage well presented ground floor spaces and facades and to avoid pastiche shop fronts and pub fronts.
- CCACA8 To control the size, number and composition of advertisements on facades to prevent visual clutter in the main streets.
- CCACA9 To control lighting and the colour of lighting on the external façade of buildings.
- CCACA10 To promote timber painted signage and to prevent plastic and neon signs.
- CCACA11 To facilitate the removal of overhead cables throughout the ACA.
- CCACA12 To support the implementation of the St. Mary’s Church and Graveyard Conservation Plan.
- CCACA13 To support the implementation of the Rothe House Conservation Plan.
- CCACA14 To support the implementation of the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan.
- CCACA15 To improve the visual appearance of the car parking area at the Market yard, and ensure a high standard of architectural design for any development at Bateman Quay.
- CCACA16 To ensure pedestrian permeability is paramount in any future re-development of Bateman Quay.
- CCACA17 To ensure a high standard of paving and street furniture on High Street and St. Kieran Street following pedestrianisation.
7.8.2 Kilkenny Castle Architectural Conservation Area
The primary characteristic of the area is the dominance of Kilkenny Castle, see Map 7.4. The Castle is an impressive National Monument, not only due to its size and scale, but also its elevated location and its relationship to The Parade, the city’s most prominent civic space. The Castle itself is located in the spacious setting of the Castle Gardens and parkland, which cover an area of over 50 acres. This is a very valuable recreational amenity resource for the City. This conservation area also includes the millrace buildings located on the Castle Grounds adjacent to the River Nore. This area also includes sections of the medieval Kilkenny City Walls (Hightown Circuit).
The Parade is an impressive urban space which stretches from the Castle Grounds to High Street. It is defined by its high buildings including the Design Centre workshops, 18th century townhouses and the former Bank of Ireland building. The Mayors Walk and the mature trees of the Rose Garden line the north eastern side of The Parade. The reinstatement of The Parade as a civic place is an objective of the Kilkenny City Centre Local Area Plan (2005).
The Castle Road runs south from the Castle to the Bennettsbridge Road. The residential area of Castle Gardens comprises of detached dwellings, typical of 1950’s and 1960’s construction with some modern infill development. A mature giant redwood tree which was once part of the Castle grounds is located in this area, for which a tree preservation order is in place. All these factors combine to create an attractive residential setting in close proximity to the castle and the city centre.
Switzers Almshouses are located adjacent to the Castle Road and consist of a terrace of five two-storey houses, each of three bays, with a clock pediment over the central house and facing an enclosed lawn. The group is of significant architectural importance.
Policies for Kilkenny Castle Architectural Conservation Area (KCACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
KCACA1 To protect the historic and architectural character of the Castle and its unique setting.
KCACA2 To enhance and reinstate the character of The Parade as an important historic civic space by implementing appropriate design and uses, an objective of the City Centre Local Area Plan.
KCACA3 To protect the natural amenity of the Castle Park as an important recreational area and wildlife habitat.
KCACA4 To protect the structures of Ormonde Mill and its setting on the bank of the River Nore.
KCACA5 To protect and retain the historic integrity of the city walls, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan (Heritage Council, 2005).
KCACA6 To protect the special low-density residential character of the Castle Gardens residential area.
KCACA7 To ensure appropriate uses for the buildings on The Parade, which will not detract from the civic character of the area.
7.8.3 St. Canice’s Architectural Conservation Area
This district is located in Irishtown at the northern end of the city, and is dominated by many impressive landmark stone buildings (See Map 7.5). Most impressive is the 13th century St. Canice’s Cathedral (the site dates back to 6th C), which is surrounded by the remnants of its close, including Canice’s tower, the Bishop’s Palace, the Deanery, St. Canice’s library and other buildings.
The Cathedral district is bounded by narrow lanes and streets, which surround the base of the mound on which the Cathedral is built – Dean Street, St. Canice’s Place, Vicar Street and Troys Lane. This area also includes sections of the medieval Kilkenny City Walls (Irishtown Circuit).
The district is also traversed by a number of small ambient laneways, which are enclosed by high stone walls. The building types in the area have traditionally been institutional, housing and small scale shopping and these have given the district its special quiet character. Dean Street was redeveloped in the 1990’s as part of the Inner Relief Road project with a mixture of residential and commercial uses.
St. Canice’s Catholic Church is another impressive landmark building in the area which occupies a visually prominent position. Located nearby is Thomas Square, a charming cul-de-sac of single storey terraced early social housing in the city.
Green Street is an area of mixed uses bounded between Vicar Street and the River Nore. This street has witnessed some dereliction in the recent past, however there is potential for renovation in this area, particularly the Brian Stone building and the site immediately opposite, currently occupied by Classic Furniture. Part of the Brewery extends into the southern section of this area, including the remnants of St. Francis Abbey.
The line of the Inner Relief Road for the city runs through this ACA. A new bridge across the Nore is proposed at the south-eastern most section of this ACA.
Policies for St. Canice’s Conservation Area (SCACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
SCACA1 To protect the historic and architectural character of St. Canice’s Cathedral and its unique setting.
SCACA2 To protect the grouping of the Cathedral, Library, Deanery and other adjacent buildings.
SCACA3 To respect and retain established building lines.
SCACA4 To protect and retain the historic integrity of the city walls, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan (Heritage Council, 2005).
SCACA5 To enhance the character of Vicar Street and Troy’s Lane.
SCACA6 To seek the conservation of St. Francis Abbey and its setting
SCACA7 To ensure that any development occurring along the River Nore will be sensitive in its design and mindful of its proximity to the river.
SCACA8 To facilitate the upgrading and visual improvement of the Classic Furniture site on Green Street.
SCACA9 To facilitate the restoration of the Brian Stone building located on Green Street.
SCACA10 To protect the character and setting of the residential terraces of Thomas Square and Troys Gate.
SCACA11 Any new roads in this area should be designed in a manner so as not to detract from the special character of the area, and should be sensitive to the existing scale of development within the area.
7.8.4 John Street Architectural Conservation Area
John Street is a busy link road which connects the core retail area and the east of the city (See Map 7.6). It is one of only two streets which cross the River Nore in the city in an east-west direction. The primary use of John Street is a retail function, an extension of the retail shopping area on the other side of John’s Bridge. The scale of buildings on John Street decreases as one moves northwards, from three storey buildings along John Street Lower to two storey on John Street Upper. It is envisaged that the opening of McDonagh Junction will increase footfall along John Street, and subsequently have a positive impact on the vitality of buildings on the street.
This district includes many Protected Structures, some of which are characterised by their setting on attendant grounds, such as St. John’s Church, Carnegie Library, County Hall and the Evans Almshouses. This area also includes sections of the medieval Kilkenny City Walls (St. John’s Circuit). As identified in the City Centre Local Area Plan, opportunities exist at County Hall for the enhancement of the public realm through the creation of a new park and new urban space.
Maudlin Street is predominantly residential with houses of different types and eras, which add to its overall character, and also contains a number of Protected Structures, including Magdalen Castle.
Policies for John Street Architectural Conservation Area (JSACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
JSACA1 To encourage well presented ground floor spaces.
JSACA2 To control the size, number and composition of advertisements on facades to prevent visual clutter in the main streets.
JSACA3 To control lighting and the colour of lighting on the external façade of buildings.
JSACA4 To promote timber painted signage and to prevent plastic and neon signs.
JSACA5 To reduce advertisement on facades.
JSACA6 To encourage the renovation and re-use of any vacant or derelict buildings.
JSACA7 To protect historic plot sizes along Johns Street Upper and Lower and to avoid the amalgamation of sites for new buildings.
JSACA8 To avoid pastiche shopfronts and pubfronts.
JSACA9 To facilitate the removal of overhead cables throughout the ACA.
JSACA10 To protect and retain the historic integrity of the city walls, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan (Heritage Council, 2005).
JSACA11 To protect St. John’s Church and its setting.
JSACA12 To ensure that any new developments to the south of Maudlin Street are sensitive in scale to the existing residential buildings.
JSACA13 To ensure any future re-development of the petrol station and adjoining sites on the Dublin Road is sensitive in scale to the surrounding buildings.
JSACA14 To expand the role of County Hall as a civic amenity for Kilkenny through the creation of a new park and investigate the creation of a new urban square to Johns Street, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Centre Local Area Plan.
JSACA15 To protect residential uses along Maudlin Street.
JSACA16 To protect the setting of St. John’s Place, including their front gardens and railings, and to facilitate the restoration of these houses.
JSACA17 To consider the balance of uses on John Street when dealing with change of use planning applications.
7.8.5 Patrick Street Architectural Conservation Area
Patrick Street is a mixed residential and commercial street with many good quality classical buildings. It leads from The Parade Junction to the Waterford Road, through the former St. Patrick’s Gate, see Map 7.7. The curve of the street provides a pleasant sweep into the city when entering from the west.
Religious and educational institutions dominate the western section of this area. The grounds of St. Kieran’s College, the John of God Convent and St. Patrick’s Catholic Church are each impressive buildings in their own rights. Each of these is accessed from the College Road, which is a wide tree-lined avenue. The area also includes sections of the medieval Kilkenny City Walls (Hightown Circuit).
Policies for Patrick Street Architectural Conservation Area (PSACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
PSACA1 To enhance the character of Ormonde Road and College Road as an approach to the city centre.
PSACA2 To protect important protected structure such as St. Patrick’s Church, St. Kieran’s College, the former Presbyterian Church, the City Vocational School and Talbots Castle.
PSACA3 To ensure any future developments along Jacob Street adhere to a formal building line and are predominantly residential in nature.
PSACA4 To protect the visual relationship between Butler House, the Design Centre and Kilkenny Castle.
PSACA5 To protect and retain the historic integrity of the city walls, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan (Heritage Council, 2005).
PSACA6 To avoid backland development which would impact negatively on the character of the area.
7.8.6 Michael Street/Wolfe Tone Street Architectural Conservation Area
Michael Street is located to the east of the city centre and the special character of this area is residential in nature. It is a residential street of two storey terraced houses which overlooks the River Nore and the linear Park. The houses date from the late 1880s and have long gardens running to the rear. The houses on Wolfe Tone Street are predominantly dormer style terraced houses, which also have long back gardens. The backlands of these two residential streets form a substantial undeveloped urban landbank.
This ACA contains John’s Terrace, an attractive red brick terrace of two storey dwellings located adjacent to Carnegie Library and the River Nore. The terrace fronts onto the River Walk, which leads to Green’s Bridge, a Protected Structure.
Policies for the Michael Street/Wolfe Tone Street ACA (MSACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
MSACA1 To protect and enhance existing residential uses and to avoid change of use of habitable dwellings to commercial purposes. Bed and Breakfast developments will be considered on their own merits.
MSACA2 To avoid the demolition of existing habitable dwellings, and promote restoration of derelict buildings.
MSACA3 To protect the amenity along the River Nore as an environmental, recreational and residential area.
MSACA4 To ensure a high standard of architectural design to any development to the rear of Michael Street and Wolfe Tone Street, and ensure it is sensitive in scale and materials to the existing area.
MSACA5 To protect the setting of dwellings at Johns Quay Terrace, including retention of all front railings and gardens.
MSACA6 Any proposals for new development along the River should be of a contemporary design and address its waterfront location.
7.8.7 St. Mary’s Architectural Conservation Area
St. Mary’s Cathedral dominates this Architectural Conservation Area, see Map 7.9. St. Mary’s is an impressive 19th century early gothic style catholic cathedral built on a cruciform plan, and exhibiting expert stone masonry throughout. Occupying an important corner site, the cathedral makes a strong visual impression in the streetscape of James' Street and James' Green while the stout tower punctuating the skyline produces a highly identifiable landmark in the locality.
The area surrounding the Cathedral is largely comprised of institutional uses and early twentieth century local authority housing estates. The Black Abbey was founded in 1225 and is an important element in the archaeological heritage of Kilkenny. The delicate stained glass panels of artistic design distinction enhance the aesthetic appeal of this Dominican Abbey. Attractive residential terraces in this area include Dominic Street, Rothe Terrace, Parnell Street, James’ Green, Kickham Street and Stephens Street. The area also includes sections of the medieval Kilkenny City Walls (Hightown Circuit).
The River Breagagh passes though this ACA, a tributary of the Nore.
Policies for St. Mary’s Architectural Conservation Area (SMACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
SMACA1 To protect and enhance the setting of St. Mary’s Cathedral.
SMACA2 To protect the residential character, setting and appearance of dwellings on Parnell Street, James’ Green, Kickham Street, Dominick Street, Stephens Street, Rothe Terrace and the Kennyswell Road.
SMACA3 To protect Kenny’s Well and its setting and adjacent open space along the Breagagh River.
SMACA4 To protect and retain the historic integrity of the city walls, in accordance with the Kilkenny City Walls Conservation Plan (Heritage Council, 2005).
SMACA5 To protect the visual amenity of the Breagagh River, and ensure that any future developments adjacent to it address its riverside location.
7.8.8 Lacken Architectural Conservation Area
This is a residential area and commands an important entrance to the historic City, see Map 7.10. It is mainly residential in character with substantial houses in their own grounds. The old Lacken Corn Mills located on the river are an important group of old industrial structures. They are now, however, in an increasingly derelict condition. The views over the River Nore are an important element in the character of this area.
This ACA includes the viewing terrace adjacent to the river from which views of the castle and the city can be enjoyed.
Policies for Lacken Architectural Conservation Area (LACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
LACA1 To protect the character of the area, in particular the setting of substantial houses in their own grounds which contain mature trees.
LACA2 To protect the industrial archaeology of the Lacken Corn Mill and its setting on the banks of the River Nore, adjacent to the Dublin Road.
7.8.9 Talbotsinch Architectural Conservation Area
This is a unique example of residential planning. The model village was built in 1904 for Lady Desart, by Professor William A. Scot. It consists of distinctively styled houses built around an open space, see Map 7.11. Influenced by the Arts and Crafts movement, it has generally retained its special qualities of design and craftsmanship and it is predominantly in residential use.
Policies for Talbotsinch Architectural Conservation Area (TACA)
See also policies which are applicable to all ACAs listed above.
TACA1 To protect the character of Talbotsinch Village as a model Village.
TACA2 To protect and enhance the architectural features of the buildings.
TACA3 To protect and enhance the grouping of buildings and their setting.
TACA4 To review the boundaries of the Talbotsinch ACA during the lifetime of the plan.
7.8.9.1 The Vernacular Built Heritage
The vernacular built heritage consists of buildings and settlements created by the people from local materials and resources to meet local needs following local traditions. The response to the local environment gave rise to construction techniques which vary from region to region, often with great subtlety. This type of building is often undervalued because it does not represent ‘great architecture’ and because of associations with poverty and a perception that the buildings have become obsolete. The value of these buildings lies in the regional distinctiveness and identity that they confer on a place and their importance as an embodiment of the accumulated wisdom and cultural traditions of the people who built and lived in them.
POLICY
• H46 To apply the conservation principles and guidelines in practice as set out in the ICOMOS Charter on the Built Vernacular Heritage (Mexico 1999) when considering proposals to adapt vernacular buildings to meet contemporary living standards and needs.
• H47 To promote the retention and re-use of the vernacular built heritage through increasing public awareness of its potential for re-use and its adaptability to change.
ACTION
• To respond to the Ministerial recommendation for addition to the RPS of all vernacular structures of Regional rating and above included in the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage for County Kilkenny.
7.9 Floodlighting
The floodlighting of buildings and structures is often regarded as a means of highlighting the significance of a structure and reflects the substantial pride that communities have in individual heritage sites and structures. Notwithstanding this, floodlighting has the potential to negatively impact on both natural and built heritage. It can contribute to light pollution, impinge on protected species such as bats, and affect the architectural and archaeological significance of a site.
A successful lighting scheme will relate to the architectural form of the building and will sensitively utilise the detailing and features of such buildings with low wattage light sources and discreet light fixtures. It will also minimise the spillage of potential obtrusive light to adjacent areas and will avoid unnecessary over lighting, which can alter the appearance of a building or area. Successful schemes may also combine exterior lighting with interior lighting; however, in certain cases interior lighting only may be appropriate.
Proposals for lighting schemes should include details of the size, type, siting and number of fixtures, as well as wattage, colour of light source, light pattern and potential impact on the building material.
To avoid conflict, proposals should demonstrate how lighting schemes would enhance and protect the character of an area or group of protected structures and/or co-ordinate with any adjacent lighting schemes. Powerful wide angled over lighting which can diminish the architectural features of a building or area will be discouraged.
POLICY
• H48 To require an appropriate assessment of the potential impacts of proposals to floodlight buildings and structures.
• H49 To ensure the protection of the special character and setting of protected structures and of an ACA when considering proposals for floodlighting.
• H50 To ensure the avoidance of the spillage of potential obtrusive light to adjacent areas and to avoid unnecessary over lighting.
• H51 To provide guidance to developers and others in relation to floodlighting
7.10 Place names
Place names are a very important part of our cultural heritage. They provide a link to the past and reflect the natural, built and cultural heritage of a locality. It is important that place names of all new developments reflect the local topography, history, culture, ecology or significant people and events and incorporate traditional and Irish language place names from the locality.
POLICY
• H52 To preserve historic place names and historic street names.
• H53 To ensure that the names of all new developments shall reflect local historical, heritage or cultural associations.
• H54 To encourage the use of bi-lingual and Irish-Language place names and signs.
• H55 To place a condition on grants of planning permission requiring the agreement of place names between the developer and the Planning Authority.
ACTION
• To provide guidance to developers and others in relation to naming of new developments
Natural Heritage
7.11 Natural Heritage & Biodiversity
Natural heritage includes flora and fauna, wildlife habitats, inland waterways, landscapes and geology. There is a great variety of natural heritage in County Kilkenny, including our rivers and woodlands, hedgerows, mammals, birds, plants, and diverse landscapes and geological features.
Biodiversity is the variety of life. It includes all aspects of natural heritage.
POLICY
• H56 To protect, conserve and enhance Kilkenny’s natural heritage and biodiversity.
7.11.1 Designated Natural Heritage Sites of International and National Importance
Habitats in the city, of international and national importance, are designated under EU and national legislation. The two categories of designated site in effect in Kilkenny City and Environs are:
i. Special Areas of Conservation (SAC)
SAC’s have been, and are being designated, under the EU Habitats Directive to conserve habitats and species of European importance.
ii. Natural Heritage Areas (NHA)
NHA’s have been, and are being, designated to conserve habitats and species of national importance and sites of geological interest, under the Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000.
iii Special Protection Area (SPA)
SPAs have been and are being designated, under the EU Habitats Directive to protect birds which are rare, in danger of extinction or vulnerable to changes in habitat and which need protection. There is currently no SPA in Kilkenny but an SPA is being proposed for the River Nore, for kingfishers, site code 004233.
At present there are five designated natural heritage sites of international and national importance in the city and environs. See Table 7.1 and Map 7-12 for further information.
The designation of these sites at a national level is the responsibility of the National Parks and Wildlife Division of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government. The designation of these sites is an ongoing process as boundaries are revised and adjusted and new sites added. The Council will take cognisance of any change in boundaries that may occur in designated sites within the life of this plan. Please consult with the National Parks and Wildlife Service for further details and for the most up to date data.
POLICY
• H57 To protect natural heritage sites designated in National and European legislation. This includes sites proposed to be designated or designated as Special Areas of Conservation (SAC), Natural Heritage Areas (NHA), Nature Reserves and Wildfowl Sanctuaries. This protection will extend to any additions or alterations to sites that may arise during the lifetime of this plan.
• H58 To assess all proposed developments (individually or in combination with other proposals, as appropriate) which are likely to impact on designated natural heritage sites or those sites proposed to be designated.
• H59 To consult with the prescribed bodies and relevant government agencies when assessing developments which are likely to impact on designated natural heritage sites or those sites proposed to be designated.
• H60 To ensure that any development in or near a designated natural heritage site will avoid any significant adverse impact on the features for which the site has been designated.
• H61 To require an appropriate environmental assessment in respect of any proposed development likely to have an impact on a designated natural heritage site, or those sites proposed to be designated.
• H62 Ensure that any plan or project which has the potential to directly, indirectly or cumulatively impact on a site protected under European legislation (SAC or SPA), is assessed in accordance with Article 6 of the Habitats Directive in order to avoid adverse impacts on the integrity and conservation objectives of the site. Any such plans or projects shall be referred to the National Parks and Wildlife Service. Potential threats to a designated site may arise from developments such as water abstraction, or discharges from wastewater treatment plants, surface water or surface water attenuation at locations which are geographically remote from the site, through hydrological links with the designated site (tributaries, streams, drainage ditches and drains).
ACTION
• To provide Supplementary Planning Guidance, in relation to conserving and enhancing biodiversity in the context of development.
Table 7.1 Designated Natural Heritage Sites of National and International Importance.
|
Site |
Site Code/Ref |
cSAC |
pNHA |
pSPA |
|
River Nore |
002162 |
√ |
|
|
|
River Nore |
004233 |
|
|
√ |
|
Archersgrove |
002051 |
|
√ |
|
|
Dunmore Complex |
001895 |
|
√ |
|
|
Lough Macask |
001914 |
|
√ |
|
|
Newpark Marsh |
00845 |
|
√ |
|
cSAC: Candidate Special Area of Conservation
pNHA: proposed Natural Heritage Area
pSPA: proposed Special Protection Area
7.11.2 Protected Species
Certain plant, animal and bird species are protected by National and European law. This includes plant species listed in the Flora Protection Order 1999 (or other such Orders) and animals and birds listed in the Wildlife Act, 1976 and subsequent statutory instruments, those listed in Annex IV if the Habitats Directive, and those listed in Annex 1 of the Birds Directive.
POLICY
• H62 To protect and, where possible, enhance to the plant and animal species and their habitats that have been identified under EU Habitats Directive, EU Birds Directive, the Wildlife Act and the Flora Protection Order.
• H63 Ensure that development does not have a significant adverse impact on plant animal or bird species protected by national or European legislation.
• H64 Consult with the National Parks and Wildlife Service, and take account of any licensing requirements, when undertaking, or approving development which is likely to affect plant, animal or bird species protected by national or European legislation.
7.11.3 Nature Conservation Outside of Designated Areas
Much of the biodiversity and many of our landscape features of importance in the county occur in areas outside of sites which are subject to legal protection under National or EU law. These habitats and features are particularly important in contributing to the biodiversity, landscape value and sense of place of the county. These features include: hedgerows, ditches and banks, stone walls, woodlands, estates and parklands, rivers, streams and associated riparian zones, reservoirs, ponds and canals.
Habitats and landscape features have an important role to play as ecological “corridors” or “stepping stones” i.e. they allow for the movement of species, and help to sustain the habitats, ecological processes and functions necessary to enhance and maintain biodiversity. It is important that these areas are conserved and managed well.
POLICY
• H65 Identify, in co-operation with the relevant statutory authorities and other relevant groups, sites of local nature conservation interest, not otherwise protected by legislation.
• H66 To protect and enhance wildlife habitats and landscape features which form part of habitat networks, such as river corridors and associated habitats.
• H67 To ensure that any development in or near sites of local conservation interest will minimise any significant adverse impact on the features for which the site has been designated.
• H68 Minimise the loss of habitats and features of the wider countryside (hedgerows, ponds, streams, wetlands, trees etc) through the planning process, which are not within designated sites.
• H69 Where the loss of habitats and features of the wider countryside is unavoidable as part of a development, to ensure that appropriate mitigation and/or compensatory measures are put in place, to conserve and enhance biodiversity and landscape character.
7.11.4 Local Biodiversity Action Plan
Biodiversity, or biological diversity, is the variety of life on earth. The term refers to the diversity of ecosystems, individual species of flora and fauna, and also genetic diversity. The National Biodiversity Plan (2002) sets out the framework for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity and requires local authorities to prepare and implement a Local Biodiversity Action Plan. The Kilkenny Biodiversity Plan will be prepared in association with the Kilkenny Heritage Forum, using guidelines produced by the Heritage Council and Department of the Environment, Heritage and Local Government.
POLICY
• H70 Prepare a County Bio-Diversity Plan, in accordance with the National Bio-diversity Plan (2002), and to liaise with all relevant agencies and community groups in its preparation and implementation.
• H71 Integrate bio-diversity considerations into Council plans, programmes and activities.
7.11.5 Historic Gardens and Designed Landscapes
Historic gardens and designed landscapes are of natural heritage, architectural, landscape, cultural and historical importance. In addition, they are often the important setting of a Protected Structure.
Rothe House is a nationally significant 17th century merchant’s house. The Rothe House Conservation Plan outlines the significance of Rothe House, and details proposals for its conservation, protection and management.
The recreation of the medieval gardens at Rothe House is a project of national significance, which is being undertaken by a number of partner organizations including Kilkenny Borough Council, Office of Public Works, Department of the Environment Heritage and Local government (Architectural Heritage advisory Unit), Fáilte Ireland, Kilkenny Civic Trust, Kilkenny Archaeological Society and Rothe House Trust. The aim of the project is to recreate the authentic medieval garden and to open the garden to the public.
POLICY
• H72 Discourage development that would lead to a loss of, or cause damage to, the character, the principal components of, or the setting gardens designed landscapes of special historic interest.
• H73 Preserve, protect and where necessary enhance, heritage varieties of plants and trees that form part of the local/regional biodiversity resource, and that contribute to local identity.
• H74 To continue to assist in the implementation and management of the re-creation of the medieval garden at Rothe House, as part of the Rothe House Conservation Plan.
7.11.6 Inland Waters, Rivers, Streams and Wetlands
The River Nore (cSAC) and its tributaries; the Breagagh and Pococke, are of great importance, in terms of their influence on the landscape, as a wildlife habitat and as an amenity resource. Newpark Marsh and Loughmacask are also significant wetland habitats, and both are designated as Natural Heritage Areas.
POLICY
• H75 Protect and enhance the natural heritage and landscape character of waterway corridors and wetlands and to maintain them free from inappropriate development.
• H76 In partnership with the National Parks and Wildlife Service, Waterways Ireland and other relevant stakeholders to facilitate public access to, and understanding of, waterways corridors and wetlands where feasible and appropriate.
• H77 Protect items of architectural heritage and industrial archaeological interest associated with waterways corridors.
• H78 To consult with the Southern Regional Fisheries Board and the National Parks and Wildlife Service prior to undertaking, approving or authorising any works or development which may have an impact on rivers, streams and waterways.
7.11.7 County Geological Sites & Geological Heritage Areas
The Councils recognise the need to identify sites of geological and geomorphological interest and to protect these sites, or parts of these sites, in the interest of protecting our geological heritage. The Geological Survey of Ireland, in partnership with Kilkenny County Council, has developed a list of County Geological Sites (CGS), as part of the Irish Geological Heritage Programme and in accordance with the National Heritage Plan, 2002. These are sites of local geological and geomorphological interest, or sites which contain a feature of local geological and geomorphological interest. One site is located in the city, Archersgrove Quarry, one of the original Kilkenny Black Marble Quarries. Some of these sites, which are of national significance, may in the future be proposed by the Geological Survey of Ireland and the National Parks and Wildlife Service, as geological Natural Heritage Areas (NHA’s).
POLICY
• H79 Maintain, and where necessary facilitate, the enhancement of the conservation values of those features or areas of county geological and or geomorphological importance.
• H80 Protect from inappropriate development, County Geological Sites, or parts thereof, and geological Natural Heritage Areas that become designated during the lifetime of this plan.
• H81 To consult with the Geological Survey of Ireland when assessing developments which are likely to impact on County Geological Sites, or geological Natural Heritage Areas which may be designated during the lifetime of this plan.
• H82 To assess all proposed developments with respect to geology (individually or in combination with other proposals, as appropriate) which are likely to impact on County Geological Sites, or geological Natural Heritage Areas that become designated during the lifetime of this plan.
• H83 Ensure that any development in or near County Geological Sites will avoid any significant adverse impact on the features for which the site is considered important.
• H84 To consult with the Geological Survey of Ireland in advance of any proposals for major developments that will entail significant ground excavation, such as quarrying, road cuttings, major drainage works and foundations for major buildings/building complexes.
7.11.8 Woodlands, Trees and Hedgerows
Woodlands, trees and hedgerows are an environmental, economic, amenity and landscape resource of great importance. Trees, hedgerows and woodlands are an integral part of the county’s biodiversity, as they form part of a network of habitats, ecological ‘corridors’ and ‘stepping stones’ essential for wildlife to flourish and move between and within habitats. In some cases, trees within the curtilage and/or attendant grounds of a Protected Structure can be important to the character and special interest of the structure and could contribute to its landscape setting. Hedgerows also have historical significance as townland and field boundaries.
The Tree Register of Ireland (TROI) is a database of outstanding trees in Ireland compiled by the Tree Council of Ireland. The TROI identified approximately 180 significant trees in the county, based on characteristics such as age, height, diameter, historical or folklore connections.
A Woodland Survey of Kilkenny, undertaken in 1997, identified the amenity potential of woodlands in the county.
A list of the more valuable trees in the City and Environs is contained in the 2002 – 2008 Kilkenny City & Environs Development Plan. As part of the preparation of this plan a new survey of trees has been carried out with a view to revising and enhancing the existing list of noteworthy trees, see Appendix F.
There are a number of legislative measures which recognise the importance of trees and woodlands and provide for their protection. These include:
i. Tree Preservation Orders (TPO)
Under the Planning and Development Act 2000, TPOs allow for the protection of trees, groups of trees and woods of amenity value. Trees, which are the subject of a TPO, cannot be felled unless the owner also obtains planning permission. At present there is one TPO in the city, in Castle Gardens (TPO 1/2006).
ii. Forestry Act, 1946
Under the 1946 Forestry Act, with certain exceptions, it is illegal to uproot a tree over ten years of age or cut down a tree of any age unless notice of intention to do so has been given in accordance with the Act.
iii. Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000
The Wildlife (Amendment) Act, 2000 seeks to prohibit the cutting of hedges within the bird nesting period (1st March until September 1st).
POLICY
• H85 To protect and manage existing woodlands, trees and hedgerows which are of amenity or biodiversity value and/or contribute to landscape character of the county and to ensure that proper provision is made for their protection and management when undertaking, approving or authorising development .
• H86 To ensure that when undertaking, approving or authorising development that sufficient information is provided to enable an assessment of impacts on woodlands, trees, and hedgerows.
• H87 To conserve important trees, groups of trees or woodlands, using Tree Preservation Orders, as appropriate.
• H88 In partnership with the Forest Service, to provide guidance to developers and others on requirements and procedures in relation to tree felling.
• H89 Have regard to sites of significance identified in the Kilkenny Woodland Survey 1997 in the assessment of planning applications.
• H90 Have regard to, and seek the conservation of, the trees of County Kilkenny identified in the Tree Register of Ireland.
• H91 Support the provisions of Wildlife (Amendment) Act 2000, which seeks to prohibit the cutting of hedges within the bird nesting period (1st March until September 1st).
• H92 Seek the retention of hedgerows, and other distinctive boundary treatment such as stone walls, when undertaking, authorising or approving development.
• H93 Where the loss of hedgerows is unavoidable, for health and safety reasons, as part of a development, to ensure that a new hedgerow is planted using native species, and species of local provenance, as appropriate.
• H94 Discourage the felling of mature trees to facilitate development and encourage tree surgery rather than felling, where possible.
• H95 Ensure that new development incorporates the planting of native broadleaved species, and species of local provenance, as appropriate.
• H96 Seek, where appropriate and feasible, the extension of existing woodlands and/or creation of new woodlands, based on planned planting and management schemes, and favouring the use of native species.
• H97 The Councils will promote the planting of native tree and shrub species, by committing to using native species (of local provenance wherever possible) in its landscaping work and on Council property.
• H98 Seek the conservation of trees of cultural importance e.g mass bushes, rag bushes and other trees marking areas of cultural significance
ACTION
• To carry out surveys of significant trees and hedgerows in the county during the lifetime of this plan, as appropriate and feasible.
• Investigate the possibility of updating the Woodland Survey of Kilkenny, in partnership with relevant stakeholders.
